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進入《中英對照讀新聞》Lack of toilets costs India $54 billion annually 廁所不夠 印度每年付出540億美元代價
◎陳成良
A lack of toilets and poor hygiene practices in India cost Asia’s third largest economy almost $54 billion every year, the World Bank said on Monday.
廁所的缺乏以及衛生習慣不佳，使得印度這個亞洲第三大經濟體每年付出近540億美元代價，世界銀行週一表示。
Premature deaths, treatment for the sick, wasted time and productivity, as well as lost tourism revenues, are the main reasons for the high economic losses, the bank said in a report.
造成這種龐大經濟損失的主要原因包括過早死亡、醫療開銷、時間與生產力的浪費以及觀光收入的損失，世銀在一份報告中指出。
"For decades, we have been aware of the significant impacts of inadequate sanitation in India," Christopher Juan Costain, the World Bank’s head for South Asia’s water and sanitation programme, told a news conference.
「數十年來，我們一直都知道印度衛生條件不足造成的重大影響。」世銀南亞水和衛生項目負責人科斯坦在記者會上說。
"The report quantifies the economic losses to India, and shows that children and poor households bear the brunt of poor sanitation."
「該報告量化了由此帶給印度的經濟損失，並指出兒童和貧困家庭是惡劣衛生條件的主要受害者。」
The study "Economic impacts of inadequate sanitation in India" is based on figures taken from 2006, but experts say these remain similar now. It said the largest economic loss was as a result of poor public health.
這篇題為「印度衛生條件不足的經濟影響」的研究是根據2006年數據撰寫的，但專家表示現在情況依然雷同。報告稱，印度在這方面最大的經濟損失源自惡劣的公共衛生狀況。
World Bank experts say there are 450,000 deaths out of 575 million cases of diarrhoea in every year in India, where millions of people in both rural and urban areas still have to defecate in the open, do not wash their hands and cope with poor drainage systems.
世銀專家們表示，印度每年有5.75億腹瀉病例，其中有45萬人喪命。在印度，農村及城市仍有數以百萬計人口只能上露天廁所且沒有洗手習慣，還要應付惡劣的排水系統。
新聞辭典
hygiene：名詞，衛生。例句：Grooming and personal hygiene have been around for ages.（對於儀容整潔和個人衛生的講究已經行之有年了。）
bear the brunt of：動詞片語，首當其衝，承擔主要的負擔。例句：He bore the brunt of the failing project.（他為這失敗的計畫成了箭靶。）
defecate：動詞，排便；澄清。
