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進入《中英對照讀新聞》5 things to know about the Nobel Prizes 了解諾貝爾獎的5件事
首屆諾貝爾獎項於1901年，即諾貝爾死後5年頒發。經濟學獎則是由瑞典中央銀行於1968年創設。（法新社資料照）
◎魏國金
WHO CREATED THE NOBEL PRIZES?
誰創辦諾貝爾獎？
The prizes in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace were established by the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish industrialist and the inventor of dynamite. The first awards were handed out in 1901, five years after Nobel’s death. The economics award was created by Sweden’s central bank in 1968.
醫學、物理、化學、文學與和平獎項，是依據瑞典實業家兼炸藥發明人阿爾弗雷德．諾貝爾的遺願設立的。首屆獎項於1901年，即諾貝爾死後5年頒發。經濟學獎則是由瑞典中央銀行於1968年創設。
SECRECY
保密性
The Nobel statutes prohibit the judges from discussing their deliberations for 50 years. The judges try hard to avoid dropping hints about the winners before the announcements, but sometimes word gets out. Last year, there was a sudden surge in betting on literature winner Patrick Modiano in the days leading up to the announcement.
諾貝爾規章嚴禁評審在50年內論及其審議。評審們致力在得主揭曉前避免透露口風，但消息有時會走漏。去年，在文學獎公布前幾天，押注得主為（法國小說家）莫迪亞諾的賭勢突然暴漲。
WHO CAN NOMINATE?
誰可以提名？
Thousands of people around the world are eligible to submit nominations for the Nobel Prizes. They include university professors, lawmakers, previous Nobel laureates and the committee members themselves.
全球數千人有資格提交諾貝爾獎提名人選。他們包括大學教授、國會議員、前諾貝爾獎得主，以及諾貝爾委員會委員自己。
THE NORWEGIAN CONNECTION
與挪威的關聯
The Nobel Peace Prize is presented in Norway while the other awards are handed out in Sweden. That’s how Alfred Nobel wanted it.
諾貝爾和平獎在挪威頒發，其他獎項則於瑞典頒授。這是諾貝爾希望如此。
WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO WIN A NOBEL?
要付出什麼代價才能獲得諾貝爾獎？
Patience, for one. Scientists often have to wait decades to have their work recognized by the Nobel judges. （AP）
其中之一是耐心。科學家往往必須等待數十年，才能讓他們的研究受到諾貝爾評審肯定。（美聯社）
新聞辭典
drop a hint：成語，漏口風、暗示。例句：She has not dropped a hint about the program.（她對該項計畫不透露半點口風。）
word gets out：成語，走漏風聲（消息）。例句：If word gets out about the affair, he will have to step down.（若這件事走漏風聲，他就必須下台。）
for one：慣用語，其中一個、舉個例子。例句：I, for one, would prefer to cancel the meeting.（我就是傾向取消會議的其中一人。）
